succession:The gradual, somewhat predictable process of community change and replacement leading toward a climax community; the process of continuous colonization and extinction of populations at a particular site [124]. suffrutescent:Woody only at the stem base or root crown [55]. surface fire:Fire that burns in litter and other fuels at or near the surface of the ground, mostly by flaming combustion [20]. Usually refers to fire behavior rather than fire effects. However, the Rapid Assessment phase of the LANDFIRE program [74] used "surface severity" to mean low severity; LANDFIRE no longer does so [9]. surface root system:That part of a tree's root system that lies within approximately 10 inches (30 cm) of the soil surface (review by [134]). swale:A slight depression, sometimes swampy, in the midst of generally level land [100]. swamp:A wetland with seasonal water-level fluctuations and relatively strong water flows influenced by minerotrophic groundwater; sometimes inundated and characteristically dominated by trees or shrubs; may have a mineral, organic, or peat substrate. Swamps may be fresh- or saltwater and tidal or nontidal. Not as wet as marshes, fens, and bogs [95,141]. taiga:The northern coniferous forest biome adjacent to arctic tundra [79].thalweg:The line of maximum depth in a stream. The thalweg is the part that has the maximum velocity and causes cutbanks and channel migration [91]. thermokarst:An irregular land surface resulting from the melting of excess ground ice and subsequent thaw settlement [50].therophyte:Annual plant, with perennating tissue contained only in the seed [110]. tiller:A basal or subterranean lateral shoot; common in bunchgrasses (Poaceae) and other monocotyledons [5,49,56]. tolerance model of succession:An intermediate between the facilitation model of succession and the inhibition model of succession, in which modifications made to the environment by earlier colonists neither increase or decrease rates of recruitment and growth to maturity of later colonists [28]. top-cover:The proportion of ground for which a species provides the uppermost cover; cannot exceed 100% [45]. Differs from cover. top-kill:To kill aboveground plant tissues without killing underground parts from which the plant can produce new stems and leaves [124]. torpor:A state of reduced activity and metabolism in which organisms can save energy; not as deep a reduction in metabolic activity as hibernation [39]. total heat release:The heat released by combustion during burnout of all fuels, expressed in BTU/foot2 or Kcal/meter2 [20]. tree:The U.S. Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program defines a tree as any perennial woody plant species with central stems and distinct crowns that can attain a height of 15 feet (4.6 m) at maturity [30]. tree-length harvesting:Removing the merchantable portion of a tree to the roadside [97]. trichasium:A cyme with 3 branches [49]. trichome:A hairlike outgrowth of the epidermis [49]. tundra:The zone of treeless, low arctic vegetation between taiga to the south and the arctic region of perpetual snow and ice to the north [53]. tussock:A clump or tuft, especially of a graminoid [55]. type conversion:A change in vegetation type due to unnatural disturbances. This term is usually applied when there has been a fundamental change in vegetation types (e.g., from shrubland to annual grassland) [31,65]. ultramafic soils:Soils derived from ferromagnesian rocks such as serpentinite, dunite, and peridotite (which contain >70% mafic minerals such as olivine and pyroxene) and have high levels of nickel, chromium, and other heavy metals and low levels of calcium and other essential nutirents [67,100,147]. umbel: A determinate or indeterminate flat-topped or convex inflorescence with the pedicels arising at a common point. A compound umbel is branched [106]. umbellet: The secondary umbel in a compound umbel [106]. underburn: See understory fire. understory fire: A fire in forests or woodlands that is not lethal to the dominant, overstory vegetation and thus does not change stand structure substantially [19,124]. Most of the dominant vegetation survives (>80% according to Smith [124], >75% according to Barrett et al.'s [9] definition of low-severity fire). Similar to low-severity fire, but application limited to forests and woodlands. See fire severity. understory fire regime: General pattern in which most fires are understory fires. Applied mostly to forest and woodland vegetation types [19,124]. understory reinitiation stage: Third stage of forest stand development following major disturbance, as described by Oliver [96]. In this stage, brush and advanced regeneration reinvade the understory (following the stem exclusion stage) as the overstory becomes very mature. Also see stand initiation stage and old-growth stage. upper canopy layer: The uppermost layer of vegetation in a plant community. In a forest, the layer formed by the crowns of the tallest trees. As used by LANDFIRE, synonymous with dominant overstory vegetation and applied to all plant communities, not just forests and woodlands [9]. use of wildland fire: Management of either wildfire or prescribed fire to meet resource objectives specified in land or resource management plans [93]. utricle: A small, thin-walled, one-seeded, bladder-like fruit [49]. variety: 1) A category in the taxonomic hierarchy of botanical classification below the species and subspecies levels [49,79]. 2) A rank used to designate a group of plants varying in flower color, habit, or some other way [55]. vegetation burn severity: The effect of a fire on vegetation, often described by the degree of scorch, consumption, and mortality of vegetation [101,120] and the projected or "ultimate vegetative recovery" [101]. Depending on measurement methods, vegetation burn severity may or may not include mortality of belowground plant tissues. See also fire severity and soil burn severity. vernalization: A process of thermal induction in plants, in which growth and flowering are promoted by exposure to low temperatures [79]. warm-season: A plant that makes most of its growth during spring and summer and sets seed in late summer or early fall [44]. It is normally dormant in winter. Also see cool-season. wildfire: An unplanned ignition caused by lightning, volcanoes, or unauthorized or accidental human actions. Prescribed fires are not considered wildfires unless they exceed prescription or are reclassified for some other reason as "escaped" (see escaped prescribed fire) [93]. wildland fire: A nonstructural fire that occurs in wildland vegetation and/or natural fuels. Includes both wildfire and prescribed fire [93]. wildland fire for resource benefit: A wildland fire used to accomplish specific resource objectives [123]. This term was not in official use as of 2010 [93]. See use of wildland fire. wildland fire use: This term was not in official use as of 2010. See use of wildland fire. wildland-urban interface (WUI): An area where structures and other human developments meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels [93]. wooded shrubland: A formation dominated by woody species, in which the proportion of shrubs is generally greater than the proportion of trees [114]. Grass and bare ground are usually present but not required for defining this formation. Compare with grassland, shrubland, wooded shrubland, savanna, forest. woodland: A formation in which tree cover is greater than shrub cover, but the canopy is not closed [114]. Generally, overstory trees are >16 feet (5 m) tall and have 25% to 60% cover [75]. When describing woodlands, use of a dash indicates an overstory/understory relationship (e.g., bur oak/big bluestem woodland). Compare with grassland, shrubland, wooded shrubland, savanna, forest. xenogamy: Cross fertilization [79]. xeric: 1) Having very little moisture; tolerating or adapted to dry conditions [124]. 2) One of five soil moisture regimes.
Color Climax 281 Animal 22l
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After the two factions of nWo reformed, they demanded that the LWO disband. Mysterio refused to take off his LWO colors and was attacked by the nWo as a result. This led to a match at SuperBrawl IX on February 21, where Mysterio and tag partner Konnan lost a "Hair vs. Mask match" against Kevin Nash and Scott Hall, forcing Mysterio to remove his mask.[33] After the match, he phoned his uncle to tell him the news. Mysterio has publicly expressed his disappointment over being unmasked: 2ff7e9595c
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